Sleep apnea is a common and potentially serious sleep disorder characterized by irregular breathing patterns during sleep. Individuals with sleep apnea experience episodes of disrupted or paused breathing, which can occur multiple times throughout the night. These interruptions can last a few seconds to several minutes and often lead to fragmented sleep, which may result in excessive daytime sleepiness, irritability, and difficulty concentrating. The condition can be broadly classified into two main types: obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), caused by a blockage of the upper airway, and central sleep apnea (CSA), which occurs when the brain fails to send the proper signals to the muscles that control breathing.
The diagnosis of sleep apnea typically involves a sleep study, either conducted in a sleep clinic or at home using portable monitoring devices. Treatment options vary depending on the severity of the condition but may include lifestyle changes, the use of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) machines, oral appliances, or even surgery in some cases. If left untreated, sleep apnea can lead to various health complications, including cardiovascular issues, metabolic disorders, and impaired cognitive function, making it essential to consult a healthcare professional if you suspect you or someone you know may be affected by this disorder.